Therapy for trauma

The past feels close. Memories show up without warning and your body reacts with fear even when you are safe. You may avoid places or conversations that remind you of what happened. Nightmares interrupt sleep and sudden sounds make you tense. You might feel numb, distant, or unsure whom to trust. Trauma lives in the body, shaping how you see yourself and the world. The good news is that healing is possible. Your nervous system can learn safety again. Here is how trauma therapy helps you reclaim your life.
Understanding trauma and PTSD
What trauma really is
Trauma is not the event itself but the impact it leaves inside you. It happens when an experience overwhelms your ability to cope and leaves you feeling helpless or afraid. This can come from a single event like an assault or accident, or from ongoing harm such as childhood abuse or domestic violence. What makes something traumatic is how it affects you. Many Canadians experience traumatic events, yet not everyone develops PTSD. When trauma takes hold, your brain and body stay in survival mode, replaying the past and avoiding anything that feels like danger.
PTSD vs. Complex PTSD
PTSD often follows a single traumatic event, while Complex PTSD develops after long periods of repeated harm, often in situations where escape was not possible. Complex PTSD includes the core symptoms of PTSD along with deeper challenges such as intense shame, difficulty trusting others, and a sense of being damaged. It often affects relationships, identity, and emotional regulation. Healing Complex PTSD usually takes longer because it involves both the memories and the patterns shaped by years of surviving overwhelming experiences.
Trauma exposure in Canada
Sources: Statistics Canada (Mental Health and Stressful Events, 2024 Release) and Public Health Agency of Canada (Workplace Trauma Data). While most people recover naturally, the "cumulative load" of trauma—especially in frontline jobs—is a rising national health crisis.
How unhealed trauma shapes your life
Intrusive memories and re-experiencing
The past breaks into the present without warning. Flashbacks feel real, nightmares wake you in fear, and intrusive thoughts pull you out of daily life. Your body reacts with panic even when you are safe. These moments are not chosen and often appear from sounds, smells, places, or nothing you can identify.
Avoidance and emotional numbing
You avoid anything that reminds you of the trauma, including places, conversations, and even emotions. Over time this can lead to feeling shut down or disconnected from life. Avoidance brings short term relief but slowly limits your world and your sense of self.
Hypervigilance and constant threat detection
Your body stays in survival mode. You scan for danger, startle easily, and struggle to relax or sleep. Concentration becomes difficult because part of you is always monitoring for threats. This is your nervous system trying to protect you, even when you no longer need protection.
Changed beliefs about yourself and the world
Trauma can shift how you see everything. You may believe the world is unsafe or that you cannot trust others. Many survivors blame themselves or carry deep shame. These beliefs shape mood, relationships, and daily functioning until they are addressed in therapy.
How trauma therapy heals
Re-training your nervous system to recognize safety
Trauma therapy helps your brain and body learn that the danger is over. Approaches like Cognitive Processing Therapy, Prolonged Exposure, and EMDR guide you through reprocessing memories so they become part of your story instead of overwhelming you. The aim is not to forget but to remember without fear so your nervous system can return to a state of safety.
Evidence-based trauma therapies
Prolonged Exposure (PE)
Prolonged Exposure helps you face trauma memories and situations you have avoided. You tell the story of the trauma in a safe and guided way and slowly approach real life reminders. Over time your brain learns that remembering is not dangerous and your fear decreases.
Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
CPT helps you understand how the trauma changed your beliefs about safety, trust, and yourself. You challenge self blame and unhelpful thoughts and replace them with more accurate ones. It is useful for people who want cognitive work without intense exposure.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
EMDR uses guided eye movements or other forms of bilateral stimulation while you recall the trauma. This helps the brain process memories that feel stuck. Many people prefer EMDR because it requires less talking and still creates significant relief from symptoms.
Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF CBT)
TF CBT blends CBT with trauma skills such as relaxation, grounding, and emotional regulation. You build stability before working directly with the memories. It is especially helpful for people who need strong coping skills before deeper trauma work.
Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET)
NET helps you place traumatic events within the full story of your life. You create a clear timeline that includes both painful and positive moments. This helps you understand the trauma without letting it define your entire identity.
Somatic Experiencing and body based approaches
Somatic therapies focus on how trauma lives in your body. You learn to notice physical sensations, release trapped energy, and move between activation and calm. These approaches are useful when words feel hard or when dissociation is strong.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for Complex Trauma
DBT teaches skills that help you manage intense emotions, build healthier relationships, and stay grounded during distress. These skills create stability so that deeper trauma work becomes safer and more effective.
Your trauma recovery journey
Assessment and building safety
Early sessions focus on understanding your history, symptoms, and current supports. Your therapist helps determine whether you are dealing with PTSD, Complex PTSD, or another trauma pattern. The priority is creating safety. You move at your own pace and only share what you are ready to share. If you are still in a stressful or unsafe situation, therapy begins with stabilizing your environment before any deeper work begins.
Learning regulation and coping skills
Before processing memories, you learn skills that help calm the nervous system and bring you back to the present. You practice grounding, breathing, identifying emotions, and recognizing triggers. These tools keep you steady during trauma work and often reduce symptoms even before processing begins.
Processing traumatic memories
This is where you gently face the memories that still hold power. The method depends on the therapy type, but all involve approaching the trauma in a safe and supported way. Emotions may intensify at first, but with guidance they settle. Over time the memories lose their sharp edge and no longer overwhelm your body or mind.
Challenging trauma related beliefs
Trauma often creates painful beliefs about safety, trust, and worth. In this stage you learn to question these beliefs and test new ones through real life experiences. As you gather new evidence your inner narrative shifts from blame and fear to something more balanced and compassionate.
Reconnecting with life
As symptoms decrease you return to activities, relationships, and goals that matter to you. You rebuild identity beyond the trauma and explore what gives you meaning now. You also prepare for life after therapy with skills that help you stay steady during stress and recognize when you need support.
Timeline and what recovery looks like
Many trauma treatments show progress within a few months, although complex trauma may take longer. Recovery means the memories no longer dominate your life. You can think about the past without panic, respond to triggers with skill, and move through the world with a greater sense of safety and choice.
Find a therapist who specializes in trauma
Choosing the right therapist matters. Each province in Canada has its own regulations, which is why working with a recognized professional can make a real difference in your care. Stellocare takes the uncertainty out of the process by listing only verified therapists you can trust.
The right therapist for you
No therapists found with these specialties in Ontario.
Try selecting a different province.Resources and strategies for trauma recovery
Canadian trauma services (General & Occupational)
Occupational trauma (First Responders/Healthcare)
PSPNET (Public Safety Personnel)
A federally funded program offering free, internet-delivered CBT specifically for current and former first responders (police, fire, paramedics) and healthcare workers. It is designed for "occupational injury" and protects privacy outside of the workplace HR system.
Women’s mental health (Free Access)
GreenShield Cares
A charitable initiative that provides free hours of therapy and free access to digital CBT for women in Canada. It addresses the "cost barrier" that prevents many women from seeking help for trauma. No insurance is required to access the sponsored spots.
Trauma-informed community hubs
Trauma Informed Care Collective (Alberta/National)
While primarily a resource hub, they connect individuals to organizations that have pledged to be "Trauma-Informed" (meaning they won't retraumatize you). Their directory helps find safe community services.
Self-care practices for trauma survivors
Grounding techniques for flashbacks
- 5-4-3-2-1 technique: Name 5 things you see, 4 you can touch, 3 you hear, 2 you smell, 1 you taste. This brings attention to the present moment.
- Physical grounding: Hold ice cubes, splash cold water on your face, press your feet firmly into the floor, or grip something textured.
- Orientation: Remind yourself of where and when you are: "I'm in my living room. It's November 2025. I'm safe now."
- Safe place imagery: Visualize a real or imaginary place where you feel completely safe. Engage all senses—what do you see, hear, smell?
Regulating your nervous system
- Diaphragmatic breathing: Breathe slowly and deeply into your belly. Inhale for 4, hold for 4, exhale for 6. This activates the calming parasympathetic system.
- Progressive muscle relaxation: Tense and release muscle groups systematically, helping release physical tension trauma creates.
- Bilateral stimulation: Alternately tap your knees, shoulders, or use butterfly hugs (crossing arms and alternately tapping shoulders). This mimics EMDR's calming effect.
- Vagal toning: Hum, sing, gargle, or practice slow exhalations to stimulate the vagus nerve, which regulates stress response.
Managing trauma triggers
- Identify triggers: Track what situations, sensations, dates, or stimuli activate your trauma response. Awareness creates choice in how you respond.
- Plan ahead: If you know something might be triggering, prepare coping strategies beforehand and identify support you can access.
- Gradual exposure: Don't avoid everything forever. With support, gradually approach avoided situations in small, manageable steps.
- Self-compassion during triggers: Being triggered doesn't mean you're weak or failing. It's your nervous system's learned response. Treat yourself kindly.
Building safety and stability
- Establish routines: Predictable routines help your nervous system feel safe. Regular sleep, meals, and activities create structure.
- Create safe spaces: Make your home feel secure. Lock doors if it helps, have comforting objects nearby, ensure adequate lighting.
- Limit trauma exposure: Reduce consumption of violent news, movies, or content that retrigers trauma. Protect your nervous system while healing.
- Connect with support: Isolation worsens trauma. Even small connections—texting a friend, attending a group—help counter trauma's separating effect.
Body-based healing practices
- Gentle movement: Yoga, walking, dancing, or stretching help release trauma stored in the body. Move in ways that feel safe and comfortable.
- Body awareness: Practice noticing body sensations without judgment. Where do you feel tension, numbness, or discomfort? Just observe.
- Resourcing: Identify activities that help you feel calm, strong, or grounded. Maybe it's being in nature, listening to music, or being with animals.
- Release stuck energy: When safe, allow your body to complete protective responses trauma interrupted—shaking, crying, or movement.
Common questions about trauma therapy
Do I have to talk about the details of what happened?
You choose the pace. Trauma therapy begins with safety and skills, not details. When you are ready, you share only what you feel comfortable sharing, and some approaches like EMDR require very little verbal description.
Will therapy make symptoms worse before they get better?
Some people notice temporary increases in emotion when they begin trauma work. This is a normal part of healing, and your therapist adjusts the pace to keep you safe. Most people see steady improvement as processing continues.
Can trauma really be healed, or will I always have PTSD?
Many people fully recover from PTSD with evidence based treatment. Memories lose their emotional power and you regain control of your life. Healing is possible even years after the trauma.
What if I can't remember parts of my trauma?
Memory gaps are common. You work with the memories you do have, and your therapist will never push you to search for missing details. Healing does not require perfect recall.
Should I take medication for PTSD?
Therapy is generally recommended before medication, but medication can support sleep, mood, or anxiety if needed. Many people use it temporarily while doing trauma work. A doctor can help you decide what fits your situation.
How do I know if my therapist is qualified to treat trauma?
Look for training in trauma specific therapies such as PE, CPT, EMDR, TF CBT, or somatic approaches. A qualified therapist explains their plan clearly, prioritizes safety, and does not rush you. Trust your instincts about whether they feel like a good fit.
What if therapy didn't work before?
Many people do not improve until they receive trauma focused treatment. You may simply not have had the right approach or therapist. A trauma specialist using evidence based methods can make a significant difference.
Can I do trauma therapy online?
Yes. Research supports online trauma treatment, and many people find virtual sessions convenient and effective. It works best when you have privacy, stable internet, and a safe environment.
Related concerns
References
- Shapiro, F. (2018). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs & Department of Defense. (2023). VA/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder. Retrieved from https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/MH/ptsd/
- Watkins, L. E., Sprang, K. R., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2018). Treating PTSD: A review of evidence-based psychotherapy interventions. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 12, 258. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6224348/
- Friedman, M. J. (2018). PTSD History and Overview. PTSD Research Quarterly, 29(2), 1-8. Retrieved from https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/essentials/epidemiology.asp
- Statistics Canada. (2024). Survey on Mental Health and Stressful Events, 2023. The Daily. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/240527/dq240527b-eng.htm
- Statistics Canada. (2024). Posttraumatic stress disorder among adults in Canada: Key findings. Retrieved from https://health-infobase.canada.ca/ptsd-survey/
- Van Ameringen, M., Mancini, C., Patterson, B., & Boyle, M. H. (2008). Post-traumatic stress disorder in Canada. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 14(3), 171-181. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6494052/
- Statistics Canada. (2022). National post-traumatic stress disorder awareness day. Retrieved from https://www.statcan.gc.ca/o1/en/plus/1272-national-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-awareness-day
- Public Health Agency of Canada. (2019). Federal Framework on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Recognition, collaboration and support. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/federal-framework-post-traumatic-stress-disorder.html
- Harvard Health Publishing. (2024). PTSD: How is treatment changing? Retrieved from https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/ptsd-how-is-treatment-changing-202405153041
- van der Kolk, B. (2014). The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma. Viking.
- Herman, J. L. (2015). Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence—From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. Basic Books.
- Levine, P. A. (2010). In an Unspoken Voice: How the Body Releases Trauma and Restores Goodness. North Atlantic Books.
- Walker, P. (2013). Complex PTSD: From Surviving to Thriving. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
About Stellocare
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Pantea Ahmadian
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Victoria Brassard-Monahan
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Registered Social Worker (ON)

Tiphanie Routier
Thérapeute en relation d'aide (QC)

Stephanie Neshcov
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

Morgan Fancy
Registered Psychotherapist (ON)

Krista Teare
Canadian Certified Counsellor

Debra Airth
Registered Therapeutic Counsellor (BC)

Ilona Farry
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

Monica Pease
Registered Social Worker (ON)

Victoria Nyman
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

Elena Temelkova
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

KATHY MOSBAUGH
Registered Psychotherapist (ON)

Nicole Pawlick
Canadian Certified Counsellor

Laura Prikosovich
Registered Social Worker (ON)

Pantea Ahmadian
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

Alexia Carbone
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

Victoria Brassard-Monahan
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

Asta Chan
Registered Social Worker (ON)

Lindsey Cepek
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

Supriya Verma
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

Shani Ellis-Alman
Registered Social Worker (ON)

Tiphanie Routier
Thérapeute en relation d'aide (QC)

Stephanie Neshcov
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

Morgan Fancy
Registered Psychotherapist (ON)

Krista Teare
Canadian Certified Counsellor

Debra Airth
Registered Therapeutic Counsellor (BC)

Ilona Farry
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

Monica Pease
Registered Social Worker (ON)

Victoria Nyman
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

Elena Temelkova
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) (ON)

KATHY MOSBAUGH
Registered Psychotherapist (ON)

